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The Kurds as an ethnicity within the Northwestern Iranian group enter the historical record at the end of the medieval period, during the Safavid era. The name ''Kurds'' (Arabic ''kurd'', plural ''akrad'') is used throughout the medieval period, from the Islamic conquests, as a generic term for Iranian nomadic tribes by the Arabs, although there is no scientific backing on their claim. The name ''Kurd'' predates the Islamic period, as a Middle Persian word for "nomad", and may ultimately be derived from an ancient toponym or tribal name, either that of the ''Cyrtii'' or of ''Corduene''. ==Ethnogenesis== The term ''kurd'' is used in the 16th century by Sherefxan Bidlisi as encompassing four tribal groups of Iranian nomads, the ''Kurmanj'', ''Lur'', ''Kalhor'' and ''Guran'', each of which speak a different dialect or language variation. Paul (2008) argues that this marks an incipient ethnogenesis of the Kurds as a coherent Northwestern Iranian group, as three out of these four groups can be identified as the ancestors of groups that at least partially identify as Kurdish today, while the ''Lurs'' are not a Kurdish group, and indeed do not belong to the Northwest Iranian but to the Southwestern Iranian linguistic phylum. Paul further notes that the first texts that identifiably are written in Kurdish appear during the same period.〔Ludwig Paul ( "HISTORY OF THE KURDISH LANGUAGE" ), ''Encyclopedia Iranica'' (2008) writes about the problem of attaining a coherent definition of "Kurdish language" within the Northwestern Iranian dialect continuum. There is no unambiguous evolution of Kurdish from Middle Iranian, as "from Old and Middle Iranian times, no predecessors of the Kurdish language are yet known; the extant Kurdish texts may be traced back to no earlier than the 16th century CE." Ludwig further states: "Linguistics itself, or dialectology, does not provide any general or straightforward definition of at which point a language becomes a dialect (or vice versa). To attain a fuller understanding of the difficulties and questions that are raised by the issue of the “Kurdish language,” it is therefore necessary to consider also non-linguistic factors."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Origin of the Kurds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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